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H. MENDES. APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS.

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H. MEN DES. APPARATUS FOR 000mm LIQUIDS.

"No. 518,618. PatentedApr. 24, 1894.

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APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS. No. 518,618. Patented Apr. 24, 1894.

N-rrnn rnrns HENRI MENDES, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

APPARATUS FOR COOLING LIQUIDS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 518,618, dated April24, 1894. Application filed January 30, 1894. $erial No. 498,432. (Nomodel.)

To all whom it may concern.-

paratus are the Be it known that I, HENRI MENDns, a citizen of France,and a resident of Paris, France,

have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Apparatus forCooling Liquids, of which the following is aspecification. The devicesusually used in the arts for cooling liquids consisted essentially of aserpentine tube in various shape or of flat receptacles with doublebottoms. These devices havethe defect that they present a small area incross-section for the passage of the liquid circulating therein. Theirsurfaces are not fully utilized for efiecting changes in temperature andspecial devices are required for agitatingthe liquids into which saiddevices are placed. Non-efiective parts can not be avoided and thefunctioning is not perfect. The object of myinvention is to provide anew and improved apparatus for changing the temperature of liquids,which is devoid of the above defects, requires no agitators for theliquid into which the apparatus is placed and in which the contactsurfaces are utilized to the greatest advantage.

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification-F1gure1 1s a vertical detail longitudinal sectional view of the hollow bearingfor one end of the tubular shaft. Fig. 2 is a detail verticallongitudinal sectional view of the tubular shaft and the chambers formedthereon, parts being in elevation. Fig. 3 is a side-view of one of theapertured partitions in one of the chambers. Fig. 4 is a verticallongitudinal sectional view of my improved apparatus for coolingliquids. Fig. 5 is a vertical transverse sectional view of the same.Fig. 6 is a vertical longitudinal sectional view of my improved coolingapparatus especially adapted for cooling mother lyes by means ofartificial cold. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are vertical transverse sectionalviews of the same on the lines 7-7, and 8-8, Fig. 6. i

Similar letters and figures of reference indicate corresponding parts.

The liquids to be used in my improved apcooling liquid which ispreferably produced by means of a freezing machine and the liquid to becooled, which may have any desired composition, and may be sweet orsaline, for example such as mother lyes.

In the use of the apparatus for treating mother lye, the mother lye isalways the liquid to be cooled and by cooling the same the sulphate ofsoda contained therein is obtained.

The temperature changers or chambers E are lens -shaped and are composedof two dished sheet-metal disks a and I), placed so in relation to eachother that the concavities or hollows of the disks face each other, theedges being united. A space is thus formed between the two disks whichis subdived into two compartments 0: and 2 by a partition or diaphragm cplaced between the disks. The communication between the two compartmentson and z is established by apertures 01 arranged along the periphery ofthe said diaphragm or partition. The several chambers E are fixed on atubular shaft F composed of a series of sections which are attached tothe chambers E in such a manner that they all are in communication. Thehollow shaft F, not onlyunites the several chambers but also givesaccessof the cooling liquid to the chambers by means of the centralapertures e in the outer walls of said chambers. The said shaft and thechambers thereon can be rotated by any suitable devices. Each end of theshaft F is mounted in a support or bearing G, which is also constructedas a conductor for the cooling liquid. Slots 7' are formed in each endpart of the shaft to permit the liquid to pass from the compartment 25in the support G into the hollow shaft and each support has astuffing-box to prevent the escape of liquid. For the purpose ofstrengthening the device and to pre vent deformation or displacement ofparts a solid shaft or rod 9 is passed centrally through the hollowshaft F and is connected with the center of each partition or diaphragmc and forms an annular passage for the liquid in the shaft F. As thediaphragms or partitions 0 are securely held in place on the shaft g, bymeans of nuts, the rigidity of the entire device is greatly increased.The cooling liquid, which is pumped or forced by any suitablemeans,passes through the hollow support and through the slots into oneend of the hollow shaft and from the same passes into one compartment ofthe first chamber E, in which it spreads and in passing from the centerto the rim spreads over one side of the diaphragm and the inner surfaceof one disk of the chamber and passes through the apertures 01 into thesecond compartment, through which it passes in the inverse directionfrom the rim to the center, and again passes into the hollow shaft F andinto the next chamber and so on, until it finally passes out through thehollow support G opposite the one at which it entered. It is immaterialwhether the cooling liquid is sucked or forced by the pump, but shouldalways travel in a direction inversely to that of theliquid to becooled.

The vat B serves for receiving the liquid to be cooled and contains theabove described temperature changers or chambers and their shaft. It hasthe shape of a rectangular body with a halfround bottom and is dividedinto compartments by the transverse partitions h extending to near thebottom and serving to retard the flow of the liquid to be cooled,through said vat. Said partitions also serve as supports for the hollowrotating shaft carrying the chambers E. r

In case the above described apparatusis to beused for treating motherlye, for the purpose of obtaining the sulphate of soda contained thereinseveral changes are necessary and the vat B is replaced by acrystallizing tank C shown in Figs. 6, 7 and 8. Said tank 0 contains themother lye to be cooled and in said tank G the shaft F and the chambersEthereon are arranged. It also contains theextractin g mechanism. Saidtank is rectangular in shape and has the bottom parts of its side wallscurved and in the bottom part of the tank a collecting channel K isformed which extends the entire length of the tank and in the same, thescrew conveyer I is mounted. The same is also at one side of a Verticallongitudinal plane through the shaft F. The tank is divided intocompartments by the partition h, in the manner previously described. Atone end ofthe tank a separate compartment is arranged which isdesignated as the extraction chamber y. It is trapezoidal in section andshaped to receive the extracting mechanism. The end walls of the tank 0have stuffing-boxes for the tubular shaft F and the ends of said shaftare mounted in the hollowsupports or bearings G G constructed in themanner previously described. The mother lye is conducted into the tank 0through the pipe 1, and leaves the same through the pipe 2 also arrangedat the top of the tank.

The cooling liquid passes through the apparatus in the inverse directionentering through the tube 3 in the support G and passing off through thetube 4 in the support G The movable scrapers m are held by their ownweight against the upper parts of the outer surfaces of the chambers E,between which said scrapers are arranged Vertically above theconveyer-screw K. The scrapers are mounted by means of hinges on thehorichain are all'driven from the same source of power, so that theirmovements have a certain relation to each other. The worm r, transmitsmotion by means of the wormwheel s fixed on said shaft F, and from saidshaft F the conveyer screw I and the bucket chain are operated by anysuitable well-known means.

By the continued simultaneous action of the above parts, and theconsequent circulation of the cooling liquid in the chambers E, thetemperature of the mother lye is materially reduced. This cooling causesa molecular transformation to take place in the mother lye andthesulphate of soda is separated therefrom in the form of fine crystals,and a precipitate. The deposits, crystals, &c., which the scrapersscrape from the sides of the chambers E, during the rotation of saidchambers, sink to the. bottom and upon the in clined floor of the tank 0and pass into the collecting channel from where the conveyer screwconveys them into the extraction chamber y. The bucket chain p, raisesthe crystals and deposits, and while they are being raised the motherlye can drip off. They drop from the topof the bucket chain upon theinclined chute g which guides them to a suitable receptacle.

The elevating of the products and the separation of the sulphate of sodaare accomplished withoutthe use of manual labor, continuously andautomatically. The apparatus may also be used in such a manner thatmother lye of the temperature of the surrounding air is given'apreliminary cooling by means of a mother lye, which has been cooled inthis apparatus, so that in this case one mother lye is the coolingliquid and another mother lye, the liquid to be cooled. The mother lyethat has been partially cooled is then conducted through a secondapparatus in which it is cooled by means of artificially produced colduntil separation or crystallization takes place. The cost of cooling themother lye is thereby greatly reduced.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent- 1. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, thecombination with a vat for receiving the liquid to be cooled, of arotative hollow shaft mounted in said vat, and supporting lens shapedhollow chambers communicating with said shaft, through which shaft andchambers the cooling liquid circulates, substantially as set forth. I IJ 2. In an apparatus for cooling combination with a vat for receivingthe liquid to be cooled, of a rotative hollow shaft liquids, the

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mounted therein, a series of lens-shaped chambers mounted on said shaft,each being composed of two dished disks and a partition between them,which partition has apertures at its rim, substantially as set forth.

3. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, the combination with a vat forreceiving the liquid to be cooled, of a hollow shaft mounted therein,which is composed of a series of tubular sections, a series oflens-shaped chambers fixed between the ends of the tubular sections, andcommunicating therewith, an apertured partition arranged centrally ineach chamber, a rod passed cent-rally through the tubular shaft andfastened to said central partitions, through which hollow shaft andchambers the cooling liquid circulates, substantially as set forth.

4. In an apparatus for cooling liquids, the combination with a vat forreceiving the liquid to be cooled, of a tubular rotative shaft arrangedin the same, a series of lens-shaped chambers mounted on the same andcommunicating therewith, through which shaft and chambers the coolingliquid circulates, and scrapers resting on the sides of said chambers,substantially-as set forth.

5. The combination, with a vat having a bottom channel, of a rotativetubular shaft mounted in said vat, lens-shaped chambers mounted on saidshaft and in communication therewith, a con veyer screw in said channel,a chamber at one end of the vat and in communication therewith, a bucketchain in said end chamber, and means for operating the tubular shaft,conveyer screw and bucket chain from one source of power, substantiallyas set forth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

HENRI MENDEs.

Witnesses:

CLYDE SHROPSI-IIRE, J OSEPBI LACORTE.

